The concept of significant market power (SMP) is enshrined by the European regulatory framework for electronic communications networks and services to the extent to which national regulatory authorities (NRAs) in most circumstances can only regulate undertakings with SMP. According to this...

The essential facilities doctrine is designed to oblige dominant undertakings to make available their important facilities, including intellectual property rights, for other undertakings. It requires a delicate balance of, on the one hand, protecting the exclusivity of ownership and on the other...

In June, 2014, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce published the Regulation on the Prohibition of Conduct Eliminating or Restricting Competition by Abusing Intellectual Property Rights (Consultation Draft). This will be the first regulation dealing with the application of...

The administrative litigations play an essential role in the Anti-Monopoly Law in China. Empirical research suggests that despite the preliminary development antitrust administrative litigations present the “four lowness” phenomenon, namely low start-up, low total case number, low rate of...

Refusal to deal is in principle not prohibited under the EU competition law. Only in exceptional circumstances dominant undertaking would be charged with an obligation to deal. In order to approach the analytical framework for refusal to deal in the EU, this article investigates in total 21...