There is considerable debate about the role private litigation should play in the enforcement of antitrust law. This article focuses on one particular private enforcement mechanism – damages actions – and assesses whether and how much such actions have contributed to deterring antitrust...

This article assesses the role of private antitrust litigation in Japan through an empirical analysis. Based on data concerning actions for damages and injunctive relief in the post-war era, the article gauges how much private antitrust litigation has contributed to the deterrence of antitrust...

Since the Belgian and Dutch legal systems are relatively similar, one would expect similar levels of antitrust litigation. The data gathered for this article shows this is not the case. In both countries, claimants and defendants alike regularly invoke antitrust law to obtain injunctive relief...

This paper tells the story of the Saitama Saturday Club case and how it changed antitrust enforcement in Japan. Although the case is often cited as an example of failed antitrust enforcement, in fact, the case had a lasting and positive impact in many unexpected ways. The case opposed Japan's...

This paper challenges the classical view on the role of litigation in Japan by examining a particular type of litigation, namely private antitrust litigation. It shows that the widely held idea that antitrust litigation in Japan is rare only holds when compared to the US, not Europe. The...

Private enforcement of competition law in Germany and the Netherlands is booming. A surge in cartel damages actions has led to a flurry of judicial activity, while claim vehicles and claim funders continue to bring and fund new cases. At the same time, both jurisdictions also face significant...