use life history data from West Germany to show that war widowhood increased women's employment immediately after World … War II but led to lower employment rates later in life. War widows, therefore, carried a double burden of employment and …

difficulties. This study explores potential future employment dynamics across European industries and employment groups for the …

employment and earnings of women, there is little evidence focusing on the post-communist region. This paper exploits the latest … employment in Mongolia in 2016. We examine the availability of childcare, social norms and attitudes towards women, as well as … household decision-making as potential explanations. We find that small children decrease the probability of female employment …

This paper analyses (age-adjusted) employment rates by gender and education. We find that malefemale gender gaps and … high-low education gaps in employment vary markedly across European Union (EU) countries and regions, with larger gaps … education gaps in employment between high and lower education levels would raise the employment rate in the EU for the year 2022 …