rather than after. This study examines Indonesia’s nationwide switch to prepaid electricity metering, impacting over 40 … willingness to pay for prepaid metering, suggesting consumer welfare gains. As prices rise, prepaid metering reduces excess burden …

rather than after. This study examines Indonesia's nationwide switch to prepaid electricity metering, impacting over 40 … willingness to pay for prepaid metering, suggesting consumer welfare gains. As prices rise, prepaid metering reduces excess burden …

During the U.S.-China trade war, the U.S. punitive tariffs were almost entirely borne by U.S. importers. In contrast …, only 68% of China's retaliatory tariffs were paid by Chinese importers. The puzzling difference between the U.S. and China … product-level tariff pass-through and show that a higher ratio of import demand elasticity over export supply elasticity leads …