Benjamin W. Arold prepared this study while he was working at the Center for Economics of Education at the ifo Institute. The study was completed in March 2022 and accepted as doctoral thesis by the Department of Economics at the LMU Munich. It consists of four distinct empirical essays that...

The wave of upbeat stories on the developing world's emerging middle class has reinvigorated a debate on how social class in general and the middle class in particular ought to be defined and empirically measured. With the aim of adding clarity to this debate, this dissertation provides a...

Two New Yorks : New York City, 1945-1965 -- The rise of community -- "Black" values, "white" values : race and culture in New York City during the 1960s -- The Ocean Hill-Brownsville community control experiment -- The strikes -- Like strangers : the third strike and beyond -- Culture war --...