Rather than legal enactment and collective bargaining being the main engines of the 'Europeanisation' of industrial relations, benchmarking and 'soft' forms of regulation are increasingly to the fore. This article traces the origins of benchmarking from management tool to regulatory instrument,...

Commercial firms in industries once under public ownership generally have well-organised trade unions with significant disruptive capacity, yet overt confict is often low despite major change. This paper examines the experience of two major rail and energy companies after privatisation. The...

1. Introduction / James Arrowsmith and Valeria Pulignano -- 2. Private sector employment relations in Western Europe : collective bargaining under pressure? / Keith Sisson -- 3. Worker voice under pressure : collective workplace representation and the challenge of multiplying spaces and actors /...

In February 2002, the European Industrial Relations Observatory (EIRO) completed its fifth year of recording and analysing key developments in industrial relations across the European Union and Norway. The emphasis of this study is on collective bargaining and dialogue between the social...