This study investigates job polarization in the United States and in France. In the data, the dynamics of employment shares for abstract, routine, and manual jobs appear very similar in the two countries. This similarity actually hides major differences in the dynamics of employment levels by...

Contemporary Japanese firms recruit new graduates and promote from within, providing a rare example of the 'ports of entry' policy. This microanalysis of the steel industry in the 1930-60s shows that the internal labor market had been continuously enhanced after the 1930s, but mid-career...