case of the Stasi in East Germany. Exploiting regional variation in the number of spies and administrative features of the … institutional trust in post-reunification Germany. We also find substantial and long-lasting economic effects of Stasi surveillance …

, such as confidence, satisfaction or even expectations, by objective ones, such as unemployment, output or inflation. This … characterises many economic situations, such as in fact forming intrinsically subjective measures of confidence, this logic can and … accomplished in the paper by the use of data on consumer confidence and on the unemployment rate for the pre-enlargement fifteen …