One common feature of all empirical wage curve studies is the underlying assumption that the unemployment rate is the natural indicator of labor market tightness. However, we observe that in many European countries governments spend remarkable amounts on labor market training programs. As...

Income effects of unemployment and involuntary short-time work are investigated in the context of the East German transformation process from a planned socialistic economy to a market-oriented economy. Theoretical considerations from human capital theory are derived for the income effects in...