We examine a deregulation of German pharmacists to assess its effects on retail and labor markets. Our theoretical model suggests that firms with high managerial efficiency open more stores per firm and have higher labor demand due to the reform. We find a sharp persistent increase in entry...

Nowadays, the lack of high qualified staff is more conspicuous than ever before. The development of new knowledge and professions is followed by the modern technological changes, enormous usage of Internet and development of artificial intelligence. These trends have led to changes in the...

In 2000, there were as many countries served by a single mobile network as by network competition. Today, only 30 countries, representing less than 3% of the world’s population, are served by a single network. There has been considerable discussion about the optimal number of network operators...

In Europe, alternative network operators have rolled out own FTTH networks in numerous regions. They often realise first mover advantages and thus dispose (at least for some time) of superior infrastructures. In comparison to copper infrastructures of incumbent operators, most alternative...

Robert Bork's Antitrust Paradox (1978) has been justification for lack of antitrust behavior for over four decades. His test essentially asks if consumers are harmed by the pricing practices of the firm in the market in which they purchase the good or service. Even if these firms are monopoly or...

This paper investigates the impacts of the current roaming rules on domestic competition and welfare. We consider a model for two countries in which each country has two operators that compete in the retail market for access services and also in the wholesale market for roaming. We first derive...