immigrants' wages are the lowest of all workers due to their ineligibility for unemployment benefits and lower wage bargaining …, resulting in gains in terms of both employment and wages for natives, which does not hold for documented immigration. Stricter … effect if it targets employed workers because this leads to a risk premium in their wages. Finally, I present empirical …

impact that the enactment of various types of E-verify mandates may have on the employment and wages of these two populations … likelihood of native workers. Impacts on wages are positive for likely unauthorized women suggesting a large labor supply … reduction. For native-born workers, hourly wages also increase and provide some evidence of substitutability of unauthorized …