. Institutions often hamper employment past the ‘standard retirement age’. Moreover, the hiring rates of older workers are low and …Flexible retirement - that is the opportunity to choose one’s own personal retirement age - serves as a hedge against … pension risk and provides insurance to workers facing health or productivity shocks. Flexible retirement and flexible pension …

Background: The pension deficit has been rapidly enlarging for more than a decade. If the retirement age is set at a … old in last ten years, the feasibility of rising the retirement age has also been promoted. Methods: This paper aims to … construct a mathematical model for choosing a proper policy about raising retirement age on the basis of the interaction between …

force participation is related to both a decline in the take-up of early retirement among 60-64-year-olds, an increase in … the average age of entry to a retirement program, and an increase in the propensity of working after entering a retirement … unemployment before retirement, age and education. …

changes in employment and long-term unemployment, early retirement as well as relative wages by age for Germany in the period …

, the probability of working after normal retirement age is positively related to living with a spouse only, being healthy … elderly people. We also show that working beyond the normal retirement age has a much stronger negative association with … earnings in urban China than in urban Russia. This is consistent with the facts that the normal retirement age is strictly …