Although the youth unemployment ratio in Germany may appear low compared to other countries, it is regarded a severe …

A significant portion of the workforce experiences what we term 'unfriendly leadership,' encompassing various forms of … unfriendly leadership and labor market competition. We discern two labor market states: excess labor demand, where managers … compete to hire workers, and excess labor supply, where workers compete to be hired. By perceiving unfriendly leadership as a …