skill-biased technological change necessarily result in rising unemployment or declining wages of low-skilled workers … compared with the United States - suggest that high unemployment is the price for insufficient wage flexibility. However, the … skill-biased technological change. In Japan, both unemployment and wage disparities remained low. The contrasting experience …

The paper adds to the literature on innovation and employment by looking at the relationship between R&D investments … contributions that have looked at SE in relation to innovation strategies is surprisingly limited. General trends of SE in Europe … individual shifts from paid employment to either unemployment or self-employment over the period 2001-13, as linked to changes in …