"This book examines the growth of careers outside a traditional standard employment pattern and how those in "atypical jobs" will fare in retirement, analyzing how the interplay between labor market reforms/trends and pension reforms will affect income security in old age during future decades"--

Background: The pension deficit has been rapidly enlarging for more than a decade. If the retirement age is set at a low level, it might trigger a pensions crisis. Since the average life span of the Chinese has extended from 71 to 76 years old in last ten years, the feasibility of rising the...

Many countries all over the world have been facing the problem of deteriorating demographics, forcing reforms of the pension system model as well as its main parameters. An important perspective of the assessment of the financial sustainability of a pension system is the division of current GDP...