immigrants in production, gain in terms of both wages and employment. The effects on unskilled native workers, who compete with …

same linguistic background as natives. This, in turn, produced heterogeneous effects on natives wages and employment. While …

-experiment is a legal requirement for employers to demand native labor with infinite elasticity at the wage earned by migrants; the …

immigrants' wages are the lowest of all workers due to their ineligibility for unemployment benefits and lower wage bargaining …, resulting in gains in terms of both employment and wages for natives, which does not hold for documented immigration. Stricter … effect if it targets employed workers because this leads to a risk premium in their wages. Finally, I present empirical …

We study how licensing, certification and unionisation affect the wages of natives and migrants and their … certified migrants (10.2 and 6.6 log points), reflecting a more intense screening of migrant than native workers. The … representation of migrants among licensed (but not certified or unionized) workers is 14% lower than that of natives. This implies a …