the role of children and show that many potential explanations for the remaining gender disparities in labor market … outcomes are related to the fact that children impose significantly larger penalties on the career trajectories of women … the differential impacts of children on women and men. We propose a simple model of household decision-making to motivate …

of Covid on the trifecta of being female, lower-skilled and facing a motherhood penalty from school-age children. We use … lower-skilled occupation and with school-age children is associated with lower employment, hours worked and wages in normal …