promoting informality and reducing participation rates. These effects can be important enough to deserve consideration in policy …

-staggered entry across municipalities of a non-contributory social program. Policy experiments show that informality may be reduced by … benefit system would decrease informality, incentivize schooling, and increase productivity at a relative fiscal cost that is …

informality may be reduced by either increasing or decreasing the payroll tax rate in the formal sector. They also show that a … universal social security benefit system would decrease informality, incentivize schooling, and increase productivity at a …

raise to informality. …

gender-based contribution rate for formal employees, and changes in formality and informality costs. We find that the impact …

fluctuations in unemployment and informality rates. We identify five stylized facts: (i) Nearly 40% of the fluctuations in the … unemployment rate involves unemployment ins and outs from/to informal jobs. (ii) More than 40% of the fluctuations in informality …-participation matters for the understanding of unemployment volatility but also for the comprehension of the volatility on informality. (iv …