southwest Lancashire in the eighteenth century and their links to apprenticeship. The flexibility of the training regime and its …

This paper presents new estimations of wages for Normandy between 1600 and 1850. We used a vast array of primary and … secondary sources to assemble two new databases on wages and commodity prices to establish a new regional consumer price index … resulting labour shortage, led to a convergence of wages across unskilled occupations and a relative catch-up with urban skilled …

-approved, nationally standardized apprenticeship plans. These plans provide more than 13,000 different skills and the exact duration of … skills acquired during apprenticeship are highly - yet differently - rewarded. We also document rising returns to digital and …

-approved, nationally standardized apprenticeship plans. These plans provide more than 13,000 different skills and the exact duration of … skills acquired during apprenticeship are highly - yet differently - rewarded. We also document rising returns to digital and …

licensing is associated with about 18 percent higher wages, but the effect of governmental certification on pay is much smaller … little association between licensing and the variance of wages, in contrast to unions. Overall, our results show that …