, the probability of working after normal retirement age is positively related to living with a spouse only, being healthy … elderly people. We also show that working beyond the normal retirement age has a much stronger negative association with … earnings in urban China than in urban Russia. This is consistent with the facts that the normal retirement age is strictly …

countries, the probability of working after normal retirement age is positively related to living with a spouse only, being … status and the age distribution among elderly people. We also demonstrate that working beyond the normal retirement age has a … that the normal retirement age is strictly enforced in urban China and seniors attempting to work face intensive …

transformation of our economy and society. The old idea of "retirement"-a word that means withdrawal, describing a time when people …

workers in such occupations may have increased in order to lower retirement rates. Using difference-in-difference methods, we … do find evidence for the former, but we do not see a direct relation with retirement. However, an indirect effect through …

changes are also detected: a college spike and a retirement dip in poverty across the age distribution. The alleviation of …