Labor market penalty associated with motherhood (in short, motherhood penalty) is an important issue related to gender … equality in the society. Our paper is an attempt to empirically examine the extent of motherhood penalty in the context of … relationship between motherhood and labor market outcomes for women. Besides using conventional measures of motherhood such as …

during early motherhood leads to regular full-time work later. We find that in Sweden, by the time the first child is four …We use data from Great Britain, Germany, the Netherlands and Sweden to examine whether part-time and intermittent work … years old 80 percent of mothers are working full-time if 25 hours is counted as full-time work, but only 30 percent if a 35 …