births as well as male employment, which entailed a work ban for the wife and sizeable credit deductions for children. This … environment compared to the crisis years. The sharp decrease in unemployment probably resulted from the introduction of several … targeted policies and embellishment of unemployment statistics. …

achievement of plausible target unemployment rates, disaggregated by age and gender. Second, we analyze the job creation needs … coming decades. Overall, shifting demographics, changing labor force participation rates, reductions in unemployment to the …

Raising South Africa’s low employment rate to levels seen in emerging market or advanced economy peers could raise GDP … find much scope for improving the design of key labor market institutions—including collective bargaining and employment …

private and public employment based on two features. First, alongside a perfectly competitive private sector, a cost … inequality in the private sector. A 1 percent increase in unskilled public wages raises skilled private wages by 0.07 percent and … lowers unskilled private wages by 0.06 percent …

immigrants' wages are the lowest of all workers due to their ineligibility for unemployment benefits and lower wage bargaining …, resulting in gains in terms of both employment and wages for natives, which does not hold for documented immigration. Stricter … immigration enforcement mutes job creation and raises the unemployment rate of all workers, having an even larger detrimental …