likely to have a positive impact on employment and wages in countries with flexible labor markets and vice versa. Moreover …, more regulated labor markets tend to have higher wages at the expense of sector wide employment. Our main findings show … that labor market rigidity reduces the positive impact of trade reform on employment. While this result is stronger for …

force participation rate and employment both improved in the year, figures for some of the groups hit hardest by the … wages and real wages. The second section of this report outlines how real wages in the region remain further from pre …-pandemic levels than employment and economic activity, and underscores the importance of institutional mechanisms and social dialogue …

, resulting in gains in terms of both employment and wages for natives, which does not hold for documented immigration. Stricter … immigrants' wages are the lowest of all workers due to their ineligibility for unemployment benefits and lower wage bargaining … effect if it targets employed workers because this leads to a risk premium in their wages. Finally, I present empirical …

-time employment. Supported by wage flexibility in this segment, part-time employment represents an important new margin of flexibility …

insured full-time and part-time employment in years preceding and following the implementation of the landmark Hartz reforms … supply factors were decisive for the evolution of the labor market after 2003. The correlation of changes in wages and labor … that part-time employment played a decisive role in the post-2003 improvement of the German labor market. …