The COVID-19 pandemic and the ensuing economic and technological adjustment increased the risk of unemployment …, underemployment and skills mismatch across Europe. These increased risks highlighted the importance of national unemployment benefit … schemes for income security. This article examines the role of industrial relations in shaping unemployment benefit regimes in …

We model how unemployment benefit sanctions - benefit reductions that are imposed if unemployed do not comply with job … search guidelines - affect unemployment. In our analysis we find that not only micro effects concerning the behavior of … benefit sanctions are more effective in reducing unemployment than an across the board reduction in the replacement rate …