contracts were offered to European laborers during the transition from slavery in Brazil. Building on some new historical … into the global circuit of the Age of Mass Migration without promoting institutional reforms to attract non …-bonded immigrants. Second, sharecropping became the most prevalent contract in the first phase of the transition from slavery not …

This paper develops and estimates a joint hazard-longitudinal (JHL) model of the timing of migration and labor market … endogenous age of entry in estimating the returns to years since migration by allowing cross-equation correlations of random …

information, debt, and later migration were incompatible with systematic fraud. …