This paper analyzes transitions into and out of 3 different labor market states, social assistance, unemployment and … that immigrants are more likely to receive both social assistance and unemployment compensation than natives. Immigrants … are less likely to remain employed in consecutive years than natives and are more likely to stay on welfare and to receive …

picking up. Unemployment remained high and employment rates were low, especially among women, the young and older workers. The …

generates a negative effect on wages and an increase in the unemployment rate--and skilled workers, who benefit from higher … wages and lower unemployment. These changes in the labor market affect the government's revenue, resulting, in the long term …

replacement incomes implies migration into unemployment. Defending wages with replacement incomes brings about first …-order efficiency losses that outweigh the budget cost to the government. By contrast, wage subsidies involve much smaller welfare …