We examine the role of arbitrator background for outcomes in investment arbitration. Both the investors and the host states expend a great deal of resources to influence the arbitration outcomes, raising an important question: is an arbitrator‟s decision biased toward his or her appointing...

A growing sociological and empirical literature focus on lawyers as part of the globalization and transnationalization of law. Sociological approaches treat arbitration tribunals as embedded in society, and arbitral awards as the product of a network of actors. Weberian sociology treats...