migration and a sharp growth in the remittances-to-gross domestic product (GDP) ratio; in 2011/12 it was about 23%. The … conventional IG explanation highlights the contribution of remittances to household income and poverty reduction. However …, households are spending remittances largely on consumer activities; therefore, this situation is labeled as "short-term" IG …

The aim of this article is to investigate the causal relationship between remittances and poverty reduction for 14 …-stationary dynamic panel data. Our estimation results reveal that causality nexus of poverty and remittances is bi-directional. We also … weak impact on the poverty, remittances should be taken seriously, and this by taking measures by developed countries to …