The link between household poverty and child labor is much stronger in Pakistan than in Peru. Providing good schools in South Asia could help reduce child labor. The link between child labor and adult labor markets varies with gender. Using data from Peruvian and Pakistani household surveys, Ray...

Taking off from the self-evident fact that the population variable centrally figures in both labor and product markets, this paper argues that the growth rate of population, its age structure and spatial distribution should be key considerations in a country’s development strategy to promote...

[Individuals with heavy paid and unpaid work burdens may experience time deprivations that restrict their well-being and put them at risk of becoming or remaining income poor. Because unpaid work outside of the market is not captured in most large survey-based datasets, time poverty is rarely...

This paper looks at the interaction of poverty, fertility preferences and family planning practice in the Philippines using the series of nationally representative Family Planning Surveys conducted annually since 1999 augmented by census and other survey data. Its contribution lies on providing...

This paper investigates peer effects in the academic achievement of Costa Rican students. Two measures of peer effects are used: (1) a measure of a schools' average socioeconomic status and (2) a measure of unsatisfied basic needs at district level. The estimation of a three-level hierarchical...

According to the Blacks’ Diminished Return theory, the health effects of high socioeconomic status (SES) are systemically smaller for Black compared to White families. One hypothesis is that due to the existing structural racism that encompasses residential segregation, low quality of...

Chapter 1: Global Recession and Microfinance Institutions: Challenges and Opportunities -- Chapter 2: Are microfinance institutions unscathed from the recession? – An empirical reconsideration -- Chapter 3: Microfinance as a Strategy to Curb the Global Recession -- Chapter 4: Developing...