This paper compares two indicators of household vulnerability using the Bank of Italy's Survey on Household Income and … Wealth (2008-2014). According to the first indicator, a household is considered vulnerable if its debt service …-to-income ratio exceeds 30 per cent and its income is below the median of the population. According to the second, a household is …

that are common in developing countries. Based on a collective household model, we develop a new methodology to identify … the intra-household allocation of resources and the extent of consumption sharing. We apply our methodology using data … existing poverty calculations that ignore either intra-household inequality or economies of scale in consumption, ours take …

Relying on the present literature, official statistics, and household survey data in the People's Republic of China …

poverty rates between female-headed households and male-headed households using the most recent representative household …