Developing countries are increasingly aware of the need to design and implement improvements in public systems for providing pensions to the elderly. Such systems may aim to smooth consumption and thus provide reliable income to older people, reduce poverty among the elderly, insure those no...

This note shows that based on headcount poverty rates, at the household level, households with elderly members are roughly equally poor to non-elderly households, though with variation when using more detailed compositions, and the elderly are less poor than children in 98 percent of the...

The Global Monitoring Report 2015/2016: Development Goals in an Era of Demographic Change details the progress toward the global development goals and examines the impact of demographic change on achieving these goals. Part I examines global development progress, the unfinished development...

Cover -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations and Acronyms -- Executive Summary -- Overview -- Part I. Monitoring global development progress -- Development progress over the MDG period has been impressive -- Despite solid development gains, significant work remains -- Amid...

Chapter 1: Introduction -- Chapter 2: Development of MSMEs and Their Main Constraints -- Chapter 3: Internationalization -- Chapter 4: Women Entrepreneurs -- Chapter 5: MSMEs in Times of Economic Crisis Chapter 6: Development of Financial Technology with Reference to Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Lending...

The majority of the world's poor, by income poverty and multi-dimensional poverty, now live in countries officially classified by the World Bank as middle-income countries. Of course nothing happens when a country crosses a (somewhat) arbitrary threshold in per capita income but it does matter...

What has happened to inequality between and within countries since 1990? In this paper we explore who have been the winners and losers from global growth since 1990. We find that falls in total global inequality in the last 30 years are predominantly attributable to rising prosperity in China....