water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services is low, with particularly dramatic shortfalls among the poorest and rural … dwellers, but a pervasive lack of truly safe services even among wealthier and urban households. Water contamination is common … even among households with access to piped water in major urban areas, and nearly universal in the rural areas surveyed by …

), specifically, extreme monetary poverty, undernutrition, stunting, child mortality, maternal mortality, and access to clean water … and basic sanitation. Our projections, based on economic growth forecasts, take into account recent global shocks such as …