Generally, Intellectual capital (IC) is recognized as a strategic asset of a company and used for value creation to sustain the competitive advantage. Value can be created by intangibles that are not always depicted in annual reports but are helpful to face financial shocks. The purpose of this...

This paper is an attempt to measure and evaluate voluntary Intellectual Capital (IC) disclosures made by Indian pharmaceutical and software companies in their annual report. The research technique called content analysis has been used to measure the extent and nature of disclosure in 24 sample...

In ‘K-economy', intangible assets are playing an important role in the creation and maximization of wealth of shareholders. The investors also attach greater significance to such assets in evaluating their investments in different companies. This study examines the voluntary disclosure...

Policy makers need reliable estimates of direct costs of pharmaceutical R&D, in order to contain health-care costs and at the same time maintain a supportive environment for investment in research. This paper evaluates the application of parametric estimating methods to the late stage clinical...