We present three conditions for a demography-driven middle-income trap and show that many economies in East, South, and … Southeast Asia satisfy all of them. The conditions are (1) support ratio - the ratio of workers to consumers - matters for … economic growth, (2) economic development accompanies more investment in human capital and lower fertility due to the quantity …

By the middle of this century, Asia's elderly population is projected to reach 922.7 million, and its share of … population 17.5%, from just 4.1% in 1950. Within the next few decades, Asia is poised to become the oldest region in the world … requires a big head-start. This paper analyzes the impact that aging is having in Asia, examines the policy options for dealing …

The world faces growing challenges of aging populations. Asia is no exception with rapidly increasing life expectancies … and falling fertility rates. To help policy makers address these issues, this paper examines three sociopolicy options: (i … methodology with the goal of increasing fertility rates. When the retirement age is extended from 65 to 70, the overall dependency …

fertility, and (iv) there is a need for more public spending on childcare for age 6-11 in Japan and Korea to help women continue …