Using a Markov switching model applied to the VIX and VDAX implied volatility indexes, we find that the volatility of … years. We also show that there has been a structural change in the stock index volatility vs returns relationship …

the unemployment problem, the volatility of the growth rate of unemployment has to be known in order to launch appropriate … policies correctly. Therefore, a wide range of conditional volatility models, which are usually used in financial markets, are … employed to estimate the volatility with symmetric and asymmetric effects. The monthly data on unemployment is downloaded to …