Drug addiction reflects abnormal operation of normal neural circuitry. More than physical dependence, addiction represents changes in the brain that lead to increased craving and diminished capacity for the control of impulses. Given the growing biological understanding of addiction, it is...

Background: The opioid crisis is a complex problem associated with significant economic costs for healthcare systems and society. Simulation models have been developed to understand its complexity and to evaluate the potential costs of different strategies to address this problem.Methods: A...

This article argues that key aspects of drug policy, such as decisions about which substances to forbid and choices between incarceration and treatment of drug offenders, should devolve to state and local governments. It is contended that current policy is largely ineffective and may actually...

Economics deals with the allocation of scarce resources in a society with unlimited desires. When resources become scarce, people face difficult choices. This general concept holds true in the field of drug addiction treatment as well. Since drug use and its consequences are associated with...

Metabolic conversion of drugs to chemically reactive products, known as bioactivation, is considered to underlie the adverse drug reactions such as idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity. As bioactivation of most drugs involves phase I oxidation, UV-induced TiO 2 photocatalytic oxidation (UV/TiO 2 -PCO)...

Introduction -- Literature Review -- An Overview of Recreational Drug Consumption in Australia -- Modelling Consumption of Individual Drugs -- Modelling Multiple Drug Use using a Multivariate Approach -- Modelling Alcohol Consumption by Levels using an Ordered Generalised Extreme Value (OGEV)...