We introduce the notion of verifiable information into a model of sequential debate among experts who are motivated by … career concerns. We show that self-censorship may hamper the efficiency of information aggregation, as experts withhold … phenomenon, and the probability of the correct state of the world being revealed always converges to one as the group of experts …

Markets for expert services are characterized by information asymmetries between experts and consumers. We analyze the … effects of consumer information, where consumers suffer from either a minor or serious problem and only experts can infer the … endorsed by good signals and fundamentally changed by bad signals. Experts condition their cheating on a consumer's risk of …

forming posteriors with one exception: when assessing the credibility of experts, they "double-dip" the data and use already … and endogenous crashes. Our model provides a theory of the origins of disagreement: individuals disagree about both …