A market model is presented, in which firms and consumers differ in their market understanding. In the model, rational firms compete in probability distributions over consumers with bounded ability to grasp statistical data. Increased competition causes firms to increase their effort to...

Certificates are widely used as a signaling mechanism to mitigate adverse selection when information is asymmetric. To reduce information asymmetry between lenders and borrowers, Chinese peer-to-peer (P2P) lending platforms encourage borrowers to obtain various kinds of credit certificates. As...