—the theory of recursive contracts. Recursive formulations allow us to reduce often complex models to a sequence of essentially … of the basic theory: the Revelation Principle, formulating and simplifying the incentive constraints, using promised … advanced topics: duality theory and Lagrange multiplier techniques, models with lack of commitment, and martingale methods in …

equilibrium. The theory's predictions are empirically testable and shed light on the variety of certifiers across markets and over …