We develop an axiomatic foundation for the classical problem of paying workers in settings where their actions are not observed by the employer. The latter only observes the distribution of ability and demands fairness. First, we uniquely characterize workers’ expected pay thanks to a set of...

We study a strategic model of dynamic trading where agents are asymmetrically informed over common value sources of uncertainty. There is a continuum of uninformed buyers and a finite number of sellers, some of them informed. When there is only one seller, full information revelation never...

We provide a characterization of virtual Bayesian implementation in environments satisfying no-total-indifference. A social choice function in such environments is virtually Bayesian implementable if and only if it satisfies incentive compatibility and a condition we term virtual monotonicity....