We investigate the effects of target initiation in mergers and acquisitions. We find target-initiated deals are common and that important motives for these deals are target economic weakness, financial constraints, and negative economy-wide shocks. We determine that average takeover premia,...

Before their announcements are publicized on the regulatory agency’s Public Disclosure Platform (PDP) website, Turkish public firms privately upload their disclosures to the PDP servers with electronic signatures. Using the electronic signature timestamps of the announcements made between 2009...