In this paper we show that price equalization alone is not sufficient to determine the barriers to international trade. There are many barrier combinations that deliver price equalization, but each combination implies a different volume of trade. We demonstrate this first theoretically in a...

In this paper we show that price equalization alone is not sufficient to determine the barriers to international trade. There are many barrier combinations that deliver price equalization, but each combination implies a different volume of trade. We demonstrate this first theoretically in a...

The study examines the impact of globalization on the exports of Pakistan. Five years from 1965-1970 refer to Pre-Globalization and 2005-2010 as the post globalization period. Economic openness as indicator of globalization is measured for both time periods. Globalization is related to the...

The paper analyses the interindustry spillover effects of bilateral trade conflicts using the example of the 2018-2019 China-USA bilateral trade war. Empirical results are produced using a new heuristic method based on hypothetical extraction and substitution in an International Input-Output...

This study examines the home bias in trade in goods and services within the European Union. Using the newest release of the World Input Output database, available for the years 2000-2014, the effect is estimated using gravity regressions. The trade-reducing effect of borders is found to be...

Isolation -- Depression Stalinism -- Postwar: the Bretton Woods Cold War -- Aspiration -- Restoration: resuming the relationship with capitalism -- Maelstrom: the decolonization vortex -- Integration -- Conformity and profit: the Soviet economy under American hegemony -- Poor relations: the...