This paper analyses the effect of international borders and of trade agreements at international borders on subnational … 1950 and 2017. Our results show that international borders decrease regional income per capita, while trade agreements at … international borders increase regional income per capita by about the same magnitude. The positive marginal effect of trade …

Since June 2018 Australia and the European Union have been negotiating a Free Trade Agreement. This book offers … cooperation, global value chain connectivity and digital trade. Professional services, audiovisual services, financial services …

This paper uses data on directional trade flows and Regional Trade Agreements (RTA) to i) estimate the effects of RTA … on trade flows and ii) assess the importance of Global Value Chains for these effects. Based on a Difference …-in- Difference identification strategy, we find that RTAs are associated with: (1) an increase in trade within the region, (2) a …