Economic theory suggests that countries' tariff commitments in trade agreements reflect their import market power at …-Uruguay Round applied tariffs and relying on the theoretical framework of the terms-of-trade motive for trade agreements, we …

in a given sector is affected by past reductions in applied tariffs. Employing an identification strategy based on 'new … measures', we find evidence of a substitution of non-tariff measures for tariffs both in the sample of TBT and in the sample of …. These results are consistent with our theoretical model, which predicts policy substitution between tariffs and standards in …

import tariffs on a destination market are associated with less pricing-to-market, whereas non-tariff measures are associated …

commitments under trade agreements (multilateral and regional agreements) and applied tariffs- what is also known as tariffs … equivalent to a level of tariffs between 1.7 and 8.7 percentage points. …

data on tariffs and trade covering 130 countries. We show that regionalism has delivered limited effective liberalization …

of the bilateral tariffs and non-tariff barriers put in place by the previous administration. Moreover, incentives to …. Continuing bilateral trade tensions between the world's largest economic powerhouse scan be expected to have significant impacts … on the rest of the world. While it is intuitive to conclude that bilateral trade restrictions create new opportunities …

Market access negotiations in merchandise trade at the multilateral level cover tariffs and non-tariff measures (NTMs …). While tariffs have been substantially reduced in earlier rounds, they remain high in certain areas and further reductions …

tariffs around the world improving our understanding of how countries set tariffs substantially. …This paper presents a new global tariff database covering tariffs at the six-digit product level for 197 importing … data and misreporting, almost doubling the number of available tariffs from 2.9 to 5.7 billion. The improvement in the data …

We investigate the extent to which the effect of the 2018/2019 US import tariff hikes on US (post-tariff) import prices … that offsetting effects on the newly imposed tariffs were substantial. …

Economic theory suggests that countries' tariff commitments in trade agreements reflect their import market power at …-Uruguay Round applied tariffs and relying on the theoretical framework of the terms-of-trade motive for trade agreements, we …