This paper examines the relation between the multinational firm and the determination of international trade policy. At issue is whether the multinational firm exerts a protectionist or liberalizing influence on countries' national trade policies. Vertical integration appears quite...

Protectionist industry interests stem from nondiversified individual income which derives from industry-specific factor ownership. This paper investigates how access to domestic and international asset markets moderates industry-affiliated individuals' preferences for protectionist trade...