Democracy and trade policy in developing countries -- Trade protection and electoral malpractice in new democratic regimes -- Trade protection and electoral fraud in new democracies: the empirical evidence -- Political particularism and trade policy in developing democracies -- Empirical tests...

A growing body of research suggests that democracy promotes trade liberalization in developing countries. We argue that democracy in developing countries generates a "skill bias" in trade policy where democratic incumbents have incentives to increase tariffs on high skilled goods but reduce...

What explains the variation in trade policy among democracies in developing countries? Why have some liberalized trade more than others? We analyze the impact of political particularism – defined as the degree of party discipline and the incentives for politicians to cultivate a personal vote...