This paper argues that openness to goods trade in combination with an unequal distribution of political power has been … provision of schooling are typically lower in an open than in a closed economy. Moreover, we find that, under openness to trade …, development is faster in a democratic system. We also endogenize the trade regime and demonstrate that, in political equilibrium …

switch to marketoriented commercial policies in the late 1970s drove trade-led growth in the giants, the PRC's reforms were … rate, and concluded more comprehensive free trade agreements (FTAs) with Asia's developing economies. India has attempted …, one might expect the gap in trade performance between the PRC and India to narrow over time. However, both giants face an …

presence of international trade and find evidence that both regulation and trade have a significant positive influence on …

Despite the growing political priority given to making trade work for the majority in Latin America, a notable gap … exists in the knowledge about the distributive impacts of trade integration. This study attempts to fill this gap: it surveys … the most recent contributions to the mainstream trade economics literature, assesses their relevance for Latin America and …