This paper proposes a new test of the Protection for Sale (PFS) model by Grossman and Helpman (1994). Unlike existing methods in the literature, our approach does not require any data on political organizations. We formally show that the PFS model provides the following prediction: In the...

A standard finding in the political economy of trade policy literature is that we should expect export-oriented industries to attract more assistance than import-competing industries. In reality, however, trade policy is heavily biased toward supporting import industries. This paper shows within...

Who watches the watchmen? In order to examine the role of the governance separation of powers principle in economics, we developed a theoretical model of a structurally failed market with and without political pressure. We conclude that if the executive branch is dedicated to its public duty,...