In this paper I sketch out the rough contours of the challenge faced by the WTO in dealing with non-tariff measures (NTMs) as seen from the economic theories of trade agreements. The key questions for the WTO - the answers to which largely dictate the choice between shallow and deep approaches...

This paper derives statements of the Heckscher-Ohlin Theorem which remain valid in the presence of market power. Following Helpman (1 984a), the paper explores restrictions on permissible trade patterns that are implied by the post-trade equilibrium conditions of Heckscher- Ohlin theory....