Purpose – This research examines the effect of a foreign subsidiary on the productivity growth of a Two-way trading manufacturing firm in Korea. We explore firms engaged in both trade and FDI simultaneously to verify whether participation in GVC as a broad concept is an efficient...

In contrast to other studies of competitiveness which often focus on the country and industry level, this is a study of competitiveness in Poland at the firm level. In this analysis, we will focus primarily on how cooperation with external actors such as investors, creditors, customers,...